Mould growing on damp walls during the rainy season may affect nasal and sinus health, particularly in people with allergies, asthma or other respiratory sensitivities. According to Dr Avinash Kumar, senior consultant at the Centre of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery at ShardaCare–Healthcity, mould releases microscopic spores that can become airborne and enter the body through the nose and mouth. Exposure to these spores does not automatically mean that a person will develop a fungal infection. In most cases, mould is more likely to irritate the nasal lining or trigger an allergic reaction.

However, prolonged exposure in poorly ventilated or persistently damp spaces may contribute to respiratory discomfort and worsen existing nasal or sinus problems. When mould spores are inhaled, the body may respond as it would to other airborne allergens. The nasal lining can become inflamed, leading to symptoms such as repeated sneezing, a blocked or runny nose and irritation in the throat.

Some people may also experience itching in the nose, eyes or throat after spending time near mould-covered walls. Other warning signs can include watery or red eyes, post-nasal drip, facial pressure and headaches around the forehead, cheeks or eyes. A reduced sense of smell may also occur when nasal passages become swollen or congested.

People with sinusitis may notice that their symptoms become more frequent or severe in a damp environment. Mould exposure can also aggravate asthma and other respiratory conditions. Sensitive individuals may develop coughing, wheezing, chest tightness or shortness of breath, particularly when mould growth is extensive.

Those with weakened immune systems or serious underlying illnesses may face a higher risk of complications and should seek medical advice if symptoms persist. The presence of mould, however, should not be treated as proof of a fungal sinus infection. Such infections are relatively different from ordinary mould-related allergy or irritation and require medical assessment.

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Persistent congestion, recurring sinus symptoms, fever, facial swelling, severe pain or breathing difficulties should be evaluated by a doctor rather than self-treated. Reducing exposure is an important first step. Damp areas should be dried and properly ventilated, while leaks, seepage and sources of excess moisture should be repaired.

Mould should be removed safely, preferably by trained personnel when the affected area is large. People cleaning mould should avoid direct contact and use suitable protective equipment. Residents should also avoid disturbing dry mould unnecessarily, as this can release additional spores into the air.

Improving ventilation, controlling indoor humidity and allowing sunlight into damp spaces may help prevent further growth. Air conditioners, exhaust fans and dehumidifiers can also support moisture control where appropriate. Anyone who develops recurring nasal or respiratory symptoms after exposure to mould should consult an ENT specialist or physician. Early evaluation can help distinguish between allergy, irritation, sinusitis and other respiratory conditions. Medical attention is especially important if symptoms are severe, prolonged or accompanied by breathing difficulty.

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