For many people, a cup of tea or coffee is an essential part of the morning routine, helping them overcome drowsiness and feel more alert. While caffeine is often associated with palpitations, anxiety and other unwanted effects, a cardiologist says there is no simple classification of caffeinated drinks as either good or bad for everyone. For most healthy adults, consuming tea or coffee in the morning is generally not harmful when taken in moderation, although individual tolerance and existing health conditions can influence how the body responds.

Dr Anshu Kabra, additional director of cardiology at Narayana Hospital, Jaipur, explained that caffeine works by blocking the action of adenosine, a chemical that normally promotes relaxation and drowsiness. This can temporarily increase alertness and concentration, but it may also lead to a short-term rise in heart rate and blood pressure. Such changes are not necessarily a cause for concern in healthy people, but the intensity of the response can differ significantly between individuals depending on factors such as genetics, age, regular caffeine intake, medications and existing medical conditions.

The amount and frequency of caffeine consumption also matter. The cardiologist cited an American Heart Association scientific statement that says up to around 400 mg of caffeine a day is generally considered safe for most adults. However, caffeine levels can vary considerably between different beverages and serving sizes, meaning that the phrase “one cup” does not represent a fixed amount. People who consume caffeine regularly may also develop some tolerance to its effects, making it important to pay attention to how the body responds rather than assuming that everyone will experience the same effects.

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Moderate coffee consumption may also have potential cardiovascular benefits. Dr Kabra said observational studies have associated moderate intake with a lower risk of coronary artery disease, stroke and heart failure. However, these findings do not mean coffee should be treated as a medicine or as a replacement for medical care. The possible benefits need to be considered alongside an individual’s overall diet, lifestyle and health status, particularly when caffeine causes noticeable symptoms.

Certain people should be more cautious about their caffeine intake, especially those with uncontrolled high blood pressure or heart rhythm disorders. Symptoms such as a rapid heartbeat, palpitations, anxiety, disturbed sleep or a significant increase in blood pressure after consuming coffee may indicate that an individual is particularly sensitive to caffeine. In such cases, reducing intake and discussing persistent or concerning symptoms with a healthcare professional may be appropriate rather than continuing to consume the same amount.

The way coffee is prepared can also affect its overall nutritional profile. Dr Kabra advised avoiding excessive amounts of added sugar, flavoured syrups and high-calorie creamers, which can turn an otherwise modest beverage into a less heart-friendly choice. For healthy adults, an early morning cup of coffee or tea can generally fit into a balanced routine when consumed in moderation, but people with cardiovascular conditions or pronounced caffeine sensitivity should consider their individual needs before making it a daily habit.

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