For couples undergoing in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), factors such as age, reproductive health and underlying medical conditions can influence treatment outcomes. Body weight may also play a role, particularly for people who are overweight or living with obesity. However, this does not mean that everyone undergoing IVF needs to lose weight before beginning treatment. According to Dr Parul Prakash, Head of Reproductive Medicine at Artemis Hospitals, achieving a healthier weight before fertility treatment may benefit some patients. Excess body weight can be associated with hormonal and metabolic changes that may affect ovulation, reproductive function and pregnancy.

Improving overall health before treatment can therefore be an important part of preparing for IVF in appropriate cases. Weight can influence fertility in several ways. In women, overweight and obesity may be associated with changes in hormonal balance and ovulatory function, which can make conception more difficult for some patients. These factors can also be relevant when fertility specialists assess a patient's response to treatment and plan an IVF cycle. A healthier weight may also support pregnancy outcomes. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of several complications, including gestational diabetes and high blood pressure.

For patients who are above a healthy weight, even modest improvements in lifestyle and metabolic health may be useful before attempting pregnancy, although the appropriate approach varies from person to person. Importantly, weight loss should not be treated as a universal requirement for IVF. Fertility treatment decisions depend on individual circumstances, including age, ovarian reserve, medical history, reproductive factors and the cause of infertility. Some patients may not need to lose weight at all, while others may benefit from working with a doctor or nutrition professional before treatment begins. There is also a need to avoid extreme or rapid weight-loss efforts while preparing for fertility treatment.

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Restrictive diets or significant nutritional deficiencies can negatively affect overall health and may not be appropriate during fertility care. Any weight-management plan should therefore focus on balanced nutrition, physical activity and sustainable changes rather than quick fixes. For people living with obesity, doctors may assess health conditions that can accompany excess weight before starting IVF. Conditions such as insulin resistance, diabetes, thyroid disorders or high blood pressure may require attention as part of preconception care. Addressing these issues can help improve overall health and create a safer environment for pregnancy. Weight is only one component of IVF success, and it should not be viewed in isolation.

Fertility specialists generally consider the complete clinical picture before recommending whether a patient should proceed immediately with treatment or spend time improving particular aspects of their health. For couples considering IVF, the most appropriate target weight and timing of treatment should therefore be discussed with a fertility specialist. A personalised assessment can help determine whether weight management is likely to benefit treatment and how it can be pursued safely without unnecessarily delaying fertility care.

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