The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has flagged ethanol for potential classification as a carcinogen and reproductive hazard, recommending restrictions under the Biocidal Products Regulation. If approved at the November 25-28 committee meeting, ethanol could be phased out from hand sanitizers, disinfectants, and other biocidal products by late 2026. The move, based on high-exposure data—mainly from alcohol consumption—has raised concerns in India, where ethanol powers 70% of hand sanitizers and fuels the Ethanol Blended Petrol program.

Experts stress that everyday topical use poses minimal risk. Dr. Srinath, an oncologist at Bengaluru’s Asha Hospitals, says carcinogenic effects require prolonged, excessive exposure—far beyond normal sanitizer application. The International Association for Soaps and Detergents notes the ECHA study focuses on oral intake, not skin contact, where absorption is under 1%. Dr. Palleti Siva Karthik Reddy, a general physician, adds that soap and water remain the gold standard, though non-alcohol sanitizers vary in effectiveness against viruses.

In fuel, ethanol blending reduces carbon monoxide but increases acetaldehyde and formaldehyde emissions—both linked to cancer. Dr. Srinath explains that overall air quality depends on the full pollutant mix, and modern engines mitigate risks. India’s push for 20% ethanol in petrol by 2025 remains unaffected, with the Petroleum Ministry monitoring EU developments but prioritizing energy security and farmer income from sugarcane.

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Industry braces for change. Reckitt and P&G are testing isopropyl and plant-based alternatives, while Indian startups explore herbal disinfectants. A global ban could raise sanitizer prices 15-20%, prompting regulators to fast-track local substitutes. Vulnerable groups—children, pregnant women, and those with skin conditions—are advised to opt for non-alcohol options.

As public consultations open in 2026, India’s FSSAI and CPCB may update guidelines. For now, experts urge calm: ethanol remains safe in moderation. Innovation in hygiene and fuel will ensure public health and sustainability stay on track.

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