Regular exercise may help former smokers reduce their risk of developing lung cancer, but it cannot erase the damage caused by years of tobacco use, according to oncologist Dr Mohammad Mithi of Saifee Hospital. Quitting smoking remains the most important measure for lowering lung cancer risk. However, people who have previously smoked may continue to face an elevated risk even after giving up the habit. A healthy lifestyle can provide additional benefits but should not be considered a substitute for medical evaluation or smoking cessation.

Lung cancer remains a major health concern in India, with around one lakh people diagnosed with the disease each year, according to the oncologist. He said about 85% of these cases are linked to tobacco smoking, highlighting the importance of preventing tobacco exposure and encouraging smokers to quit. Although the risk of developing lung cancer declines after quitting, it may not return completely to the level of someone who has never smoked.

Research has also indicated a possible connection between physical fitness and a lower risk of lung cancer among former smokers. The oncologist referred to research from 2019 suggesting that physically fit former smokers had a lower incidence of lung cancer. Some people who continued smoking also appeared to have better survival when they maintained higher fitness levels, although this does not mean exercise offsets the dangers of smoking.

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Exercise may benefit the body in several ways that could contribute to better overall health. Regular physical activity can help reduce inflammation, support immune function and improve the performance of the heart and lungs. It can also help people maintain a healthy weight, which may reduce the risk of several diseases, including certain cancers. These benefits make regular physical activity an important part of a healthy lifestyle for people who have quit smoking.

However, exercise should not be viewed as a way to reverse the effects of tobacco use. Dr Mithi stressed that physical activity cannot repair all the damage caused by smoking and there is no evidence that exercise alone can prevent lung cancer in the same way that quitting smoking reduces risk. Former smokers should therefore avoid assuming that being physically active eliminates their previous exposure-related risks.

People who have quit smoking should continue maintaining an active lifestyle while also discussing their individual risk factors with a doctor. Depending on factors such as smoking history, age and other health considerations, medical professionals can advise whether further evaluation or screening is appropriate. The combination of staying tobacco-free, exercising regularly and seeking appropriate medical guidance can provide a stronger approach to protecting long-term health.

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