Two children from Rajasthan have died after testing positive for the Chandipura virus (CHPV) while undergoing treatment in Gujarat, prompting health authorities to intensify surveillance in districts bordering the neighbouring state. The Rajasthan Health Department is preparing to strengthen monitoring efforts in Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur as the virus, which is commonly reported during the monsoon season in Gujarat, continues to raise public health concerns.

According to officials, nine confirmed deaths linked to Chandipura virus have been reported in the ongoing outbreak as of July 24. Of these, seven deaths have occurred in Gujarat and two involved children from Rajasthan. The latest fatalities have heightened vigilance in the region, with authorities focusing on early detection and preventive measures to curb further spread of the infection.

Chandipura virus belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family, which also includes the virus responsible for rabies. The infection is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies, particularly Phlebotomine sandflies and Phlebotomus papatasi. Certain mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti, which also spreads dengue, are also considered potential vectors of the virus. Cases are generally reported during the monsoon season, when vector populations tend to increase.

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Children below the age of 15 are considered the most susceptible to Chandipura virus infection. The disease can initially present with symptoms such as high fever, headache, vomiting and altered consciousness before rapidly progressing to acute encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain. Medical experts warn that the illness can deteriorate quickly, with severe cases potentially resulting in death within 24 to 48 hours of hospitalisation if not managed promptly.

There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for Chandipura virus infection. Management primarily involves supportive medical care, including maintaining hydration, controlling fever, managing seizures where necessary and providing intensive care for patients who develop neurological complications. Early recognition of symptoms and immediate hospitalisation are considered critical to improving patient outcomes.

Health authorities have urged residents, particularly in affected and neighbouring regions, to adopt preventive measures to reduce exposure to insect bites. These include using mosquito nets, insect repellents, wearing protective clothing and maintaining clean surroundings to limit vector breeding. Officials have also appealed to parents to seek immediate medical attention if children develop high fever or neurological symptoms during the monsoon season, when the risk of Chandipura virus transmission is generally higher.

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