Pope Leo XIV held a private audience with Israeli President Isaac Herzog on Thursday, as Israel continues its planned military offensive in Gaza and the Vatican presses for an immediate ceasefire and the release of hostages held by Hamas.

Herzog’s motorcade arrived at the Apostolic Palace, where he was ushered through ornate halls lined with Swiss Guards. According to Herzog’s office, the discussions centred on securing the release of hostages, combating global antisemitism, and protecting Christian communities in the Middle East.

The Israeli statement noted that Herzog’s visit was “at the invitation of the pope.” However, Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni clarified that the meeting was granted at Herzog’s request, as the Holy See typically does not extend invitations to heads of state but accommodates their audience requests.

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As Israel’s ceremonial president, Herzog, a former Labour party leader, has advocated for national unity and compromise during his tenure. The ongoing conflict, sparked by Hamas’ October 7, 2023, attack that killed approximately 1,200 people and saw 251 hostages taken, remains a focal point. While most hostages were freed through ceasefires or other agreements, and eight were rescued by Israel, around 50 remain in Gaza, with Israeli officials estimating about 20 are still alive.

The Vatican has maintained its diplomatic neutrality, consistently calling for the return of hostages while condemning Israel’s attacks on Gaza civilians. Pope Francis, Leo’s predecessor, had labelled Israel’s actions “immoral” and disproportionate, even raising the question of whether they amounted to genocide—a charge Israel rejects, asserting it targets only militants and takes steps to minimise civilian casualties. Israel attributes civilian deaths to Hamas’ operations in densely populated areas.

Pope Leo XIV, the first American pope, elected in May following Francis’ death, has upheld this critical stance. The 69-year-old former missionary has demanded Israel halt the “collective punishment” and forced displacement of Palestinians. Last week, he reiterated calls for a permanent ceasefire, unhindered humanitarian aid, and adherence to international humanitarian law.

The meeting underscores the Vatican’s delicate balancing act as it navigates its moral and diplomatic roles amid the escalating conflict.

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