The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a preventive measure designed to protect against infections caused by the virus, which includes more than 200 related strains. Persistent HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer, making vaccination a critical tool in cancer prevention. On February 28, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a nationwide HPV vaccination programme aimed at preventing cervical cancer among women. Under this initiative, vaccines will be provided free of cost at government facilities to around 1.15 crore girls aged 14 years across all states and union territories.

Cervical cancer is a major public health concern. Globally, it is the fourth most common cancer in women, with approximately 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths reported in 2022. In India, the burden is even higher, as cervical cancer ranks as the second most common cancer among women, with over 120,000 new cases and nearly 80,000 deaths annually, according to GLOBOCAN 2022 data. Experts emphasise that early vaccination is crucial in reducing both incidence and mortality from this disease.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the HPV vaccines are nearly 100% effective against the high-risk HPV strains they target. The vaccines specifically protect against HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for roughly 80–85% of cervical cancers in India. Health authorities stress that vaccination before exposure to the virus maximises protective benefits.

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Beyond cervical cancer, the HPV vaccine can also help prevent other types of cancers and conditions. These include anal, vaginal, vulvar, and certain throat cancers and genital warts. Public health experts encourage widespread awareness and timely vaccination to ensure long-term protection. The government programme aims to improve accessibility and encourage participation among adolescent girls nationwide.

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