Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore have developed an innovative device that harnesses electricity from just water and air through the natural process of evaporation. Unlike traditional power sources that rely on sunlight, batteries, or complex machinery, this compact and sustainable solution promises to bring reliable energy to remote and underserved regions, transforming the way we think about power generation.
The device, pioneered at IIT Indore’s Sustainable Energy and Environmental Materials (SEEM) Lab under Professor Dhirendra K Rai, centers on a cutting-edge membrane crafted from graphene oxide—a layered carbon material—combined with zinc-imidazole for enhanced stability. When partially submerged in water, the membrane facilitates the upward movement of water through microscopic channels. As the water evaporates, it separates positive and negative ions, generating a steady voltage. A single 3x2 cm² membrane produces up to 0.75 volts, and multiple membranes can be stacked to amplify the power output, making it ideal for small electronic devices.
What makes this invention truly remarkable is its versatility. The device operates effectively with clean, saline, or even muddy water, maintaining stability for months. “It’s a self-charging power source that runs on nothing but air and water,” said Prof. Rai. “Our vision is to create an affordable, sustainable solution for rural and off-grid communities.” Unlike solar panels, which falter in low-light conditions, this device functions indoors, at night, and under cloudy skies, offering a robust alternative for challenging environments.
Potential applications are vast, from powering environmental sensors in forests and farms to providing emergency lighting during blackouts and supporting low-power medical wearables in remote clinics. Its lightweight and portable design makes it a game-changer for areas with unreliable electricity, particularly in developing regions or during natural disasters. The device’s ability to work with unfiltered water further enhances its practicality, addressing real-world challenges where clean water is scarce.
The research team is optimistic about scaling the technology for broader use, with plans to refine its efficiency and explore larger-scale applications. This breakthrough not only showcases India’s growing prowess in sustainable innovation but also offers hope for a cleaner, more accessible energy future. As Prof. Rai puts it, “As long as evaporation continues, this device will generate electricity—quietly, cleanly, and sustainably.”