Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a soft, snake-like robot that could one day help doctors examine difficult-to-reach parts of the human digestive system. Called BIOSENTER, the device is designed to travel through the small intestine, potentially allowing medical professionals to detect abnormalities, collect tissue samples and deliver medication without relying entirely on conventional procedures.

The robot draws inspiration from the way snakes move and use their textured skin to maintain grip on slippery surfaces. It features a specially designed coating that helps it attach to the mucosal lining of the intestine as it moves through the narrow passage. Its movement is controlled through a combination of inflatable sections and small anchoring balloons that expand and contract in a coordinated sequence, allowing the device to gradually advance through the digestive tract.

The development addresses a significant challenge in gastrointestinal medicine. The human small intestine is more than 20 feet long and can be difficult to examine using conventional medical equipment. Existing procedures often involve balloon-assisted endoscopes, which can make examinations lengthy and complicated. The new robotic system is being developed as a potential alternative that could make it easier for doctors to access areas that are otherwise difficult to reach.

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BIOSENTER is equipped with several tools designed for medical examinations and treatment. These include a camera for capturing images inside the intestine, a sprayer for delivering medication and specialised clips that can collect tissue samples through biopsies or remove polyps. Its gripping sleeves also draw inspiration from kirigami, the Japanese art of cutting and folding paper, helping the robot maintain its position while navigating the intestinal walls.

The researchers tested the device inside pig intestines, where it travelled approximately six and a half feet. During these experiments, the robot demonstrated its ability to capture images, perform biopsy-related functions and deliver drugs. Giovanni Traverso, an MIT professor of mechanical engineering and gastroenterologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital, explained that the technology could help doctors diagnose conditions and carry out treatments, including removing polyps when necessary.

The research team hopes to further develop the system to support more automated examinations of the small intestine. Traverso said the long-term objective is to create technologies that can make intestinal evaluation more efficient and accessible. Although BIOSENTER has demonstrated several capabilities in animal-tissue testing, further development and testing will be needed before it can be considered for routine use in human patients.

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