The Congress party is grappling with mounting internal challenges, including high-profile defections, cross-voting by legislators, and alliance setbacks, as it prepares for crucial Assembly elections in four states and the Union Territory of Puducherry in 2026.

The latest setback came on Wednesday when Assam MP Pradyut Bordoloi joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), ending a three-decade association with the Congress. His exit follows that of former Assam Congress chief Bhupen Kumar Borah, further weakening the party’s position in a state where it is attempting to regain political ground. Sources indicated Bordoloi’s dissatisfaction with candidate selection in the Laharighat Assembly constituency may have triggered his decision.

The party’s troubles have been compounded by its recent performance in Rajya Sabha elections, where 11 Congress legislators reportedly cross-voted in favour of candidates backed by the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in states such as Odisha, Haryana, and Bihar. In several instances, MLAs either abstained or defied the party whip, undermining Congress prospects in closely contested seats.

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In Haryana, despite cross-voting by five MLAs, the Congress narrowly secured a win for its sole candidate. In Bihar, however, the abstention of three Congress legislators contributed to the NDA sweeping all five seats, exposing internal coordination gaps. Similar incidents in Odisha led to disciplinary action against party MLAs who voted against the official line.

Alliance-related challenges have further complicated the party’s electoral strategy. In Assam, the Congress has struggled to reach an understanding with regional outfit Raijor Dal, potentially affecting its prospects. Internal disagreements over ticket distribution have also surfaced, despite efforts by senior leaders, including Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, who headed the screening committee.

With Assembly elections approaching, including in states like Kerala, where the party remains optimistic, Congress faces increasing pressure to address organisational weaknesses and restore unity. Political observers note that resolving internal dissent and strengthening alliances will be critical for the party’s performance in the upcoming electoral contests.

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