As the United States and Iran prepare for a formal signing ceremony in Switzerland on Friday, details of a proposed peace agreement have emerged, outlining a broad framework aimed at ending years of tensions between the two countries. According to reports citing sources close to Iran's negotiating team, the draft memorandum of understanding (MOU) contains 14 provisions covering security, economic cooperation, sanctions relief, and nuclear commitments. However, Iranian officials have indicated that the document is still under review and has not yet received final approval from relevant authorities in Tehran.

A central element of the draft agreement is a permanent and immediate ceasefire across all fronts, including Lebanon. The proposal also reportedly requires the United States to commit to non-interference in Iran's domestic affairs and formally recognize and respect the country's sovereignty. These provisions reflect longstanding demands by Tehran, which has consistently argued that mutual respect and non-intervention are essential prerequisites for sustainable diplomatic engagement between the two nations.

The draft also addresses military and maritime issues that have contributed to regional instability. Under the reported terms, Washington would lift its naval blockade within 30 days and withdraw military forces positioned around Iran. The Strait of Hormuz, one of the world's most strategically important shipping routes, would be reopened during the same period under arrangements coordinated by Iran. The waterway plays a critical role in global energy markets, making its continued accessibility a key concern for both regional and international stakeholders.

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Economic measures outlined in the proposal are among its most significant features. The agreement reportedly calls for the suspension of sanctions affecting Iran's oil and petrochemical sectors, along with restoring Tehran's access to overseas financial resources. In addition, the United States and its allies would be expected to support reconstruction initiatives valued at a minimum of $300 billion. The draft further proposes the phased release of $24 billion in blocked Iranian assets, with a substantial portion made available before formal negotiations are fully concluded.

The nuclear issue remains a major component of the proposed framework. According to the reported draft, Iran would reaffirm its commitment under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) not to develop nuclear weapons. The agreement envisions a 60-day period for final negotiations on nuclear-related matters, alongside discussions on removing remaining US sanctions and relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions. Notably, reports indicate that Iran's missile programme and its support for regional resistance groups have been excluded from the negotiation agenda, narrowing the scope of talks to core diplomatic and nuclear concerns.

If finalized, the agreement would represent one of the most comprehensive diplomatic understandings between Washington and Tehran in recent years. Supporters argue that the proposed measures could reduce regional tensions, restore economic activity, and create a pathway toward long-term stability. However, with the draft still awaiting official review and approval, questions remain regarding implementation, political acceptance, and the willingness of all parties to adhere to the commitments outlined in the proposed accord.

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