Japan went to the polls on Sunday in a closely watched Lower House election that has effectively become a referendum on Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s leadership, with early voter turnout reported at 7.17% by late morning amid heavy snowfall across several regions. The snap election is being held under challenging weather conditions, raising concerns that winter storms could suppress participation in parts of the country.

The contest is critical for Takaichi, who has publicly stated she would resign if her ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its coalition partner Ishin fail to secure a combined majority in the 465-member House of Representatives. A shortfall would deepen political uncertainty and potentially trigger a leadership transition at a time when Japan is grappling with economic pressures and regional security challenges.

More than 1,300 candidates are contesting the election, with key campaign issues including the rising cost of living, defense policy, and what opposition leaders have described as “nation-splitting policies.” Takaichi has campaigned on a strong national security platform while also seeking to reassure voters on economic management and stability. Her early remarks on Taiwan during the campaign had already placed her on a collision course with China, adding foreign policy weight to the domestic vote.

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Voting began early Sunday morning, with polls scheduled to close at 8 pm local time, after which projections and exit polls are expected. Despite the snow, voters in several areas braved harsh conditions to cast their ballots, with many describing the election as too important to miss given its implications for Japan’s political direction.

The election outcome will determine whether Takaichi can consolidate her mandate or faces pressure to step aside. A strong showing would likely embolden her agenda and shape Japan’s approach to defense, the economy, and regional diplomacy, while a weakened mandate could usher in a period of political recalibration as the country assesses its next steps.

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