China has handed over the second of eight advanced Hangor-class submarines to Pakistan, strengthening the naval capabilities of its all-weather ally in the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean.

Launched on Saturday in Wuhan, Hubei Province, this delivery is part of a $5 billion deal inked in 2015 between Pakistan and China Shipbuilding & Offshore International Co. Ltd., aimed at bolstering Pakistan’s maritime presence amid China’s expanding footprint in the region, including the development of Gwadar port in Balochistan.

The Hangor-class submarine, an export variant of China’s Type 039B Yuan-class, is equipped with cutting-edge weapons and sensors, including torpedoes, anti-ship missiles, and an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system for enhanced stealth and endurance.

A Chinese expert from the state-run Global Times hailed its “strong comprehensive combat capability,” predicting it will become a mainstay for the Pakistan Navy. Under the agreement, four submarines are being constructed in China, with the remaining four to be built at Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works under a technology transfer program, with deliveries expected by 2028.

The first submarine was launched in April 2024, and Pakistan Navy chief Admiral Naveed Ashraf has affirmed the project remains on track, with these vessels set to enhance stealth, maneuverability, and firepower. This follows China’s supply of four Type 054A/P frigates to Pakistan in recent years, underscoring deepening military ties.

The collaboration aligns with Pakistan’s strategy to counterbalance India’s naval strength, amid ongoing regional tensions and China’s growing Indian Ocean presence.