Renewed fighting between Thailand and Cambodia has entered its fourth day, marking one of the most volatile escalations since their previous clashes earlier this year. Both nations have accused each other of violating international law, trading claims of civilian attacks and military aggression. The conflict continues to spread across multiple provinces as diplomatic pressure mounts. Leaders from both sides now await a promised phone call from U.S. President Donald Trump, who previously brokered a fragile ceasefire in October.

Cambodia’s Ministry of National Defence reported a series of early-morning strikes allegedly carried out by the Thai military, including tank deployments and artillery fire across Pursat, Banteay Meanchey, and Oddar Meanchey provinces. Officials say Thai soldiers violated humanitarian law by firing directly into Prey Chan village, hitting civilian populations. Additional accusations include shelling near historic religious sites and increased attacks across disputed border zones. Cambodia has urged Thailand to halt operations immediately and withdraw from its territory.

By midweek, clashes had been reported at more than a dozen sites along the 817km colonial-era border. Cambodian authorities said homes, schools, roads, pagodas, and ancient temples had suffered extensive damage from Thai artillery and reported F-16 air strikes up to 30km inside the country. The Ministry of the Interior emphasized the destruction of Ta Krabey and Preah Vihear temples, calling the attacks a direct assault on culturally sacred landmarks. As of Wednesday, the Cambodian death toll reached 10 civilians, including an infant, with at least 60 more injured.

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Thailand, however, has firmly denied responsibility for the escalation, claiming Cambodia used protected historical sites as active military bases. Thai military officials argued that their operations were retaliatory and necessary to counter Cambodian attacks originating from sacred temple areas. They reported eight Thai soldiers killed and 80 wounded since Monday. Both sides continue to blame each other for reigniting violence that has now forced more than 500,000 people to flee their homes in both countries.

The conflict’s resurgence comes just weeks after Trump presided over a ceasefire agreement in Kuala Lumpur, alongside Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim. That deal was hailed as a breakthrough at the time, with Trump declaring it an achievement “many believed couldn’t be done.” Despite the renewed hostilities, Trump expressed confidence on Wednesday that he could once again help secure peace. He confirmed that he is scheduled to speak with both nations in hopes of defusing the crisis.

As the fighting spreads and humanitarian concerns deepen, regional leaders and international observers are closely monitoring the situation. Civilians remain trapped in evacuation centers, temples lie in ruins, and diplomatic tensions rise with each passing day. Whether the promised U.S. intervention will revive peace talks—or arrive too late—remains uncertain as the border conflict enters an increasingly dangerous phase.

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