India and Nepal have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at strengthening transboundary cooperation on biodiversity conservation and climate action, marking a renewed push to jointly address ecological challenges across their shared Himalayan landscape. The agreement was formalised during high-level bilateral engagements, underscoring both countries’ commitment to coordinated environmental governance.

The MoU provides a framework for collaboration in the conservation of fragile ecosystems, wildlife corridors and river basins that span the India–Nepal border. Both sides agreed to enhance data sharing, joint research and capacity building in areas such as biodiversity monitoring, climate adaptation strategies and disaster risk reduction. The partnership is expected to focus particularly on the Himalayan region, which is considered highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, including glacial melt, erratic rainfall and biodiversity loss.

Officials said the agreement would facilitate coordinated management of protected areas and strengthen cooperation against wildlife trafficking and habitat degradation. The two countries share several ecologically significant landscapes, including the Terai Arc, home to endangered species such as tigers, rhinos and elephants. Joint efforts are expected to improve ecosystem resilience while supporting sustainable livelihoods for border communities dependent on forest and river resources.

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The MoU also aligns with broader regional and global climate commitments, including the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. By fostering institutional linkages and technical exchanges, India and Nepal aim to integrate climate mitigation and adaptation measures into local conservation planning. Environmental experts note that transboundary cooperation is essential in the Himalayas, where ecological systems operate beyond political boundaries.

The agreement reflects growing recognition in both capitals that environmental security is closely tied to economic stability and human well-being. As climate pressures intensify across South Asia, the India–Nepal partnership is expected to serve as a model for collaborative ecological governance in the region.

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