Vaginal pain or discomfort is sometimes dismissed as a natural part of ageing, but experts say age is only one of several factors that can contribute to the problem. Hormonal changes, infections, skin conditions, pelvic floor issues and psychological stress may also play a role. Dr Alka Dahiya, a gynaecologic oncologist and robotic gynecologic surgeon, explained that identifying the underlying cause is important because treatment depends on the reason behind the discomfort.

A decline in oestrogen levels, particularly after menopause, can affect vaginal health. Lower oestrogen may cause the vaginal walls to become thinner, drier and less elastic, a condition commonly known as vaginal atrophy. This can result in burning, discomfort or pain during intercourse and, in some cases, while sitting. The condition is common among postmenopausal women, although many may not discuss their symptoms with a doctor.

Dr Alka noted that women experiencing discomfort should not assume that nothing can be done. Depending on the cause and after appropriate medical evaluation, options such as vaginal moisturisers, local oestrogen therapy and other treatments may help improve comfort. However, the suitable approach can vary from one person to another, making professional assessment important before starting any treatment.

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Ageing, however, is not the sole explanation for vaginal pain, and younger women can experience persistent discomfort as well. Vulvodynia, for instance, refers to ongoing vulvar or vaginal-area discomfort without an identifiable cause and can affect women in their 20s and 30s as well as older women. Possible contributing factors include infections, skin disorders, pelvic floor strain and psychological stress.

Women experiencing persistent vaginal pain should avoid dismissing the symptoms or attempting to diagnose the condition themselves based on online information. Keeping track of when the pain occurs, how it feels and whether it is associated with triggers such as intercourse or urination can provide useful information during a medical consultation. Pain at any age deserves attention, particularly when it affects comfort and quality of life, as the underlying cause may be treatable.

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