A pioneering study by researchers Adrian Carballo Casla and Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga at the Karolinska Institutet’s Aging Research Center in Sweden has revealed that older adults adhering to healthy diets accumulate chronic diseases at a significantly slower rate.

Tracking over 2,400 Swedish adults aged 60 and above for 15 years, the study found that diets like the Mediterranean, Mind, and Alternative Healthy Eating Index—rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and healthy fats—were associated with reduced onset of conditions such as heart disease, stroke, depression, and dementia.

Conversely, diets high in processed meats, refined grains, and sugary drinks, which promote chronic inflammation, accelerated disease accumulation.

The research, one of the most comprehensive of its kind, monitored over 60 chronic conditions and highlighted stronger benefits for women and those over 78, suggesting dietary improvements remain impactful even in advanced age.

While no clear link was found with musculoskeletal diseases like arthritis, the study underscores that healthy diets mitigate “inflammaging,” a low-grade chronic inflammation tied to aging-related ailments, and bolster resilience through essential nutrients.

Recommendations include prioritizing plant-based foods, fish, and rapeseed oil while limiting processed foods and sugars. Combined with physical activity and social engagement, these dietary habits offer older adults a practical path to healthier, longer lives, easing the burden on healthcare systems.