A new scientific study in Brazil is exploring the genetic and lifestyle factors behind exceptional human longevity, using the case of three sisters aged 103, 104, and 109 as a key research focus. The sisters, who have a combined age of 316, were recently recognised by Guinness World Records as the world’s oldest living trio of siblings, drawing global attention to their remarkable lifespan and health in extreme old age.

The research is being conducted under the DNA Longevo Project, led by scientist Mayana Zatz from the University of São Paulo’s Human Genome Research Center. The study aims to identify biological markers that may explain why some individuals maintain physical strength and cognitive ability well into their centenarian years, while others experience age-related diseases much earlier.

Researchers plan to compare the genetic profiles of centenarians with those who have developed chronic illnesses, frailty, or cognitive decline. According to Zatz, the focus is on identifying protective genes that may help preserve bodily functions over time. She noted that families with multiple long-living members provide especially valuable insight into hereditary factors linked to ageing.

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Experts involved in the study believe that genetics may play a significant role in longevity, potentially even more than environmental factors. Ben Meyers, CEO of LongeviQuest, which helped verify the sisters’ ages, said that while shared genetics appear important, social support systems and close family networks also contribute to healthier ageing by improving quality of life and emotional well-being.

The three sisters—Zulina de Deus Nunes, 103, Zoraide de Deus Mota, 104, and Levita de Deus Nunes, 109—live in Rio de Janeiro and attribute their long lives to simple habits such as healthy eating and an active early life. They recall growing up with fresh food, outdoor activities, and strong family traditions, which they believe contributed to their long-term health.

Researchers involved in the project hope to expand the study to include up to 500 centenarians in order to draw more comprehensive conclusions about the biological and environmental drivers of longevity. The findings could potentially help scientists better understand how to promote healthier ageing and improve quality of life in older populations worldwide.

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