South Africa is witnessing a fresh wave of anti-immigrant protests that has heightened fears of xenophobic violence and left many migrant communities living in uncertainty. Demonstrations against undocumented migrants have spread across several areas, with some turning violent and resulting in looting and clashes. The unrest has intensified concerns among foreign nationals who say they fear for their safety even as they insist they have nowhere else to go.

Among those affected is Ethiopian refugee Helen Wolde, who has lived in South Africa for more than two decades after fleeing political persecution in his home country. According to a Reuters report, Wolde said he remained locked inside his home while thousands of protesters marched through the streets calling for foreigners to leave the country. He said the demonstrations left his wife and their three South Africa-born children frightened about what the future might hold for their family.

Wolde, who owns a small coffee shop in central Durban, said returning to Ethiopia is not an option because of the circumstances that forced him to leave 21 years ago. Like many migrants who have established businesses and raised families in South Africa, he said the country has become his home despite the growing hostility. Many affected families have expressed concern that increasing anti-immigrant rhetoric could threaten their livelihoods and personal safety.

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The protests have seen demonstrators carrying South African flags and wooden weapons while demanding stronger action against undocumented migrants. Protest organisers have maintained that their campaign is directed only at people living in the country illegally and have rejected accusations that the movement is driven by xenophobia. However, rights groups and observers have warned that such demonstrations often create fear among all migrant communities, regardless of their legal status.

South Africa is home to an estimated three million immigrants, accounting for around four per cent of the country's population. Many migrants work in sectors such as retail, construction, domestic services and small businesses, contributing to the economy while seeking refuge from conflict, persecution or economic hardship in neighbouring countries and beyond. The country has experienced repeated outbreaks of anti-immigrant violence over the past two decades, resulting in deaths, injuries and displacement.

The latest unrest has renewed calls for authorities to maintain law and order while addressing concerns over illegal immigration through legal and administrative measures. Human rights organisations have urged the government to ensure the safety of all residents, regardless of nationality, and to prevent violence against vulnerable communities. As tensions continue, many migrant families remain uncertain about their future but say leaving South Africa is not a realistic option after building their lives in the country.

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