The Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly has passed the Chhattisgarh Dharm Swatantraya Vidheyak 2026, introducing stricter provisions to regulate religious conversions in the state, including life imprisonment for cases classified as “mass” conversions. The Bill, which replaces the earlier 1968 law, was cleared on Thursday amid political debate and opposition protests within the House.

The legislation was introduced by State Home Minister Vijay Sharma, who said the objective was to prevent illegal or forced conversions. However, members of the opposition Indian National Congress staged a walkout after their demand to refer the Bill to a Select Committee for further consultation was rejected by the Speaker. The development highlights the political divide over the scope and implications of the law.

Under the new provisions, individuals intending to convert from one religion to another must submit a formal declaration to the district administration. The competent authority, typically the District Magistrate or an authorised officer of at least Additional District Magistrate rank, will review such requests. The Bill also mandates the public display of details of individuals seeking conversion, a clause that has drawn scrutiny from critics.

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One of the most stringent aspects of the legislation is the provision for life imprisonment in cases of “mass conversion,” which the Bill defines under specific conditions involving multiple individuals. The law also prescribes penalties for conversions carried out through alleged coercion, inducement, or fraudulent means. The state government maintains that these measures are necessary to safeguard vulnerable communities.

Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai has supported the Bill, stating that it strengthens legal mechanisms to prevent misuse of religious freedoms. Supporters argue that the law brings clarity and accountability to conversion processes, while ensuring that such decisions are made voluntarily and transparently.

Critics, however, have raised concerns about potential misuse and the impact on personal freedoms and privacy. Legal experts and opposition leaders have questioned provisions such as mandatory declarations and public disclosure, warning that they could lead to social pressure or harassment. The Bill is expected to remain a subject of legal and political debate as it moves toward implementation.

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