Declining Green Cover Fuels Rising Surface Temperatures Across Delhi, Study Finds
Declining greenery contributes to rising temperatures across Delhi.
A new report by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has raised concerns over worsening heat stress across Delhi, attributing the trend to rising temperatures, shrinking green cover and rapid urbanisation. The study highlights how expanding built-up areas and the loss of natural landscapes are intensifying heat exposure for millions of residents across the national capital.
According to the report, nearly 76 per cent of Delhi's geographical area has been experiencing heat stress for at least a decade. The findings further reveal that between 2015 and 2024, more than 99 per cent of the city's land area experienced heat stress at least once. Heat stress occurs when temperatures rise to levels that can adversely affect human health, increasing the risk of conditions such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke.
The issue is widespread across Delhi's administrative divisions. Of the city's 272 municipal wards, 82 have more than 90 per cent of their land area affected by heat stress. The report suggests that prolonged exposure to such conditions could have significant implications for public health, particularly among vulnerable groups including children, the elderly and outdoor workers.
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Researchers also identified a growing gap between air temperatures and land surface temperatures. While air temperatures are typically measured by weather stations in shaded conditions, land surface temperatures reflect the heat absorbed and radiated by roads, buildings and other urban infrastructure. These surfaces often become significantly hotter than the surrounding air, contributing to the urban heat island effect.
The report points to the reduction of green spaces and increasing concretisation as major factors behind the rising surface temperatures. Vegetation naturally cools the environment through shade and evapotranspiration, whereas paved surfaces and buildings absorb and retain heat throughout the day. As urban development continues to expand, these cooling natural systems are being progressively diminished.
The findings are expected to renew calls for stronger climate adaptation measures in Delhi, including the preservation of green spaces, expansion of urban forests and improved city planning to reduce heat exposure. Experts have warned that without sustained intervention, rising temperatures and persistent heat stress could pose increasing challenges to public health, infrastructure and overall quality of life in the capital.
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