Gen Anil Chauhan Highlights Convergence Warfare and Multi-Domain Preparedness at IIT Bombay

Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan emphasized on December 23, 2025, that India must prepare for both short-duration, high-intensity conflicts and prolonged land-centric wars to effectively address current and future security challenges. Speaking at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Gen. Chauhan highlighted the dual nature of threats posed by India's neighbors, one a nuclear weapon state and the other nuclear-armed, stressing that deterrence must not be breached under any circumstances.

The CDS explained that short, swift operations are essential to deter terrorism, citing Operation Sindoor as an example of a four-day conflict that delivered decisive victory through rapid and synchronized action. For territorial disputes, however, India should also be ready for longer, land-focused engagements while striving to avoid them. He avoided directly naming Pakistan and China but made clear references to the nature of these threats, underscoring the need for a balanced military posture capable of responding to both conventional and asymmetric challenges.

Gen Chauhan described modern warfare as standing at the cusp of a "third revolution in military affairs," which he termed "convergence warfare." This shift is driven by the simultaneous impact of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, edge computing, hypersonics, advanced materials, and robotics. Unlike previous eras with fewer disruptive technologies, today's convergence profoundly alters the nature and character of conflict, demanding integrated responses across multiple domains.

Also Read: Fresh Arson Attack Raises Fears for Hindu Minority in Bangladesh

Looking ahead, the CDS asserted that multi-domain operations—combining land, air, sea, cyber, space, and cognitive domains—will no longer be optional but a necessity. He pointed to Operation Sindoor as a clear demonstration of how all domains must be employed simultaneously with high tempo and coordination to achieve success. Effective multi-domain warfare, he added, requires advanced capabilities, seamless integration among the Army, Navy, Air Force, cyber and space forces, and robust command-and-control structures to ensure synergy and decisive outcomes.

Gen Chauhan's remarks reflect India's evolving strategic doctrine in a region marked by persistent border tensions, terrorism, and rapid technological change. By advocating readiness across a spectrum of conflict types and emphasizing convergence and multi-domain integration, the CDS has outlined a comprehensive approach to safeguarding national security in an increasingly complex global and regional environment.

Also Read: ‘I Ran to Save My Life’: Singer Recalls Crowd Chaos at Lionel Messi’s Kolkata Visit