Starlink Keeps Iranians Online Despite Nationwide Internet Blackout

Despite a severe nationwide communications blackout imposed by Iranian authorities amid ongoing protests, some residents continue to access the internet via Elon Musk's Starlink satellite service. Three individuals within the country confirmed to Reuters that the system remains operational in certain areas, highlighting its role in circumventing government restrictions. Starlink, which delivers connectivity directly from low-Earth orbit satellites, operates independently of traditional fiber-optic and cellular infrastructure, rendering it resistant to conventional shutdowns.

Iranian officials have intensified their response to widespread demonstrations, including a near-total internet outage and a violent suppression of dissent. However, users in border regions and western parts of the country report uninterrupted access, with one source indicating that dozens of acquaintances rely on the service. Alp Toker, founder of the internet monitoring organization NetBlocks, noted that while connectivity appears diminished, sporadic access persists, describing it as inconsistent yet available.

The exact mechanism disrupting Starlink in Iran remains unclear, though experts suggest signal jamming may be targeting user terminals to interfere with satellite reception. SpaceX, the U.S.-based company behind Starlink, did not provide comments on the matter, and Iranian authorities were unreachable due to the outages. Officials have attributed the protests to external threats and pledged to maintain the existing regime.

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Starlink's utility in Iran underscores its growing significance in international conflicts and crises, where it has served as a vital communication channel. In Ukraine, it has supported military operations since the 2022 Russian invasion; in Myanmar, opposition groups and humanitarian efforts depend on it amid junta-imposed blackouts; and in Sudan, warring factions utilize the service during prolonged disruptions. U.S. President Donald Trump recently announced intentions to discuss internet restoration in Iran with Musk, without specifying Starlink's involvement.

Although unlicensed in Iran, Musk has previously activated the service there, announcing in 2022 that nearly 100 terminals were operational despite the nation's large population. Following a brief conflict with Israel, Iran's parliament enacted legislation banning Starlink, imposing harsh penalties for its use or distribution. Musk has donated terminals to other regions like Ukraine, but the high cost—approximately $599 per unit plus monthly fees—limits accessibility for many Iranians.

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