Expert Explains Cardiac Risks Linked to Dengue Fever Infection

Medical experts are advising the public to remain alert to the lesser-known complications of dengue fever, warning that the mosquito-borne viral infection can affect the heart in addition to causing high fever, severe body aches and a decline in platelet count. As the monsoon season increases the risk of dengue across many parts of India, healthcare professionals stress that the illness should be recognised as a multisystem disease capable of affecting several vital organs, including the cardiovascular system.

According to Dr. Chirag D, Consultant – Interventional Cardiology at Aster Whitefield Hospital, Bengaluru, cardiac complications associated with dengue are uncommon but well documented. He explained that heart-related manifestations can vary from mild and reversible conditions to serious, potentially life-threatening complications in patients with severe dengue infection. While most people recover without long-term effects, timely diagnosis is essential to prevent complications from progressing.

Doctors note that dengue may lead to conditions such as myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle, which can reduce the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. In some cases, patients may also develop abnormal heart rhythms, inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart, temporary weakening of heart function or low blood pressure resulting from severe infection. These complications are more likely to occur in patients experiencing severe dengue or dengue shock syndrome, making close medical monitoring particularly important.

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Experts advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if they experience symptoms such as persistent chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, fainting or unexplained fatigue while recovering from dengue. Although these symptoms may not occur in every patient, their presence could indicate cardiac involvement requiring prompt evaluation through electrocardiograms (ECG), blood investigations and imaging studies where necessary. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and reduces the risk of serious complications.

The encouraging aspect, according to specialists, is that most patients with mild cardiac involvement recover completely when the condition is identified early and managed appropriately. Treatment generally focuses on supportive care, adequate hydration, careful monitoring of blood pressure and heart function, and addressing complications if they arise. Severe cases may require hospitalisation and specialised cardiac care, particularly if there is evidence of myocarditis or circulatory instability.

With dengue cases typically rising during the monsoon season, health experts continue to emphasise preventive measures such as eliminating stagnant water, using mosquito repellents, wearing protective clothing and seeking medical care promptly if dengue symptoms develop. They also urge both healthcare providers and the public to remain aware that dengue is not solely a fever-related illness but a disease capable of affecting multiple organ systems, including the heart, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment.

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