WHO Warns Billions Carry Herpes Virus, Many Unaware Of Symptoms And Health Risks

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has highlighted the widespread prevalence of the herpes simplex virus (HSV), revealing that billions of people globally are living with the infection, many without knowing they have it. According to WHO data released in 2025, herpes remains one of the most common viral infections worldwide, but it continues to be surrounded by significant stigma, misinformation and fear. The WHO estimates that around 3.8 billion people under the age of 50, representing nearly 64 per cent of the global population in that age group, are infected with HSV-1, the virus most commonly associated with oral herpes.

In addition, approximately 520 million people aged 15 to 49 years, or about 13 per cent of the global population in that age bracket, are living with HSV-2, which is the primary cause of genital herpes. Herpes simplex virus is a lifelong viral infection that spreads mainly through skin-to-skin contact. After entering the body, the virus remains inside nerve cells and can move between inactive and active phases. During periods of inactivity, many infected individuals may experience no symptoms, which is one of the main reasons why a large number of people are unaware that they carry the virus.

There are two main types of herpes simplex virus. HSV-1 is usually linked to oral herpes and commonly causes cold sores or blisters around the mouth and lips. However, it can also cause genital infections through oral-genital contact. HSV-2, on the other hand, is more strongly associated with genital herpes and is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. Symptoms of herpes can vary significantly from person to person. Some individuals may develop painful blisters, ulcers, itching, burning sensations or discomfort in affected areas, while others may have mild symptoms that are mistaken for other skin conditions.

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Many people with HSV never experience noticeable symptoms, allowing the virus to spread unknowingly. Herpes outbreaks often occur in cycles. After an initial infection, the virus can remain dormant and later reactivate due to factors such as stress, illness, hormonal changes, fatigue or a weakened immune system. The frequency and severity of outbreaks differ among individuals, with some experiencing repeated episodes and others having rare or no visible symptoms.

Although there is currently no cure that eliminates herpes from the body, available treatments can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks. Antiviral medicines prescribed by healthcare professionals can shorten outbreaks, ease discomfort and lower the chances of transmission to others. Experts say that one of the biggest challenges surrounding herpes is not only the infection itself but also the stigma associated with it. Misunderstandings about transmission and social attitudes often lead to unnecessary anxiety, shame and reluctance among people to seek medical advice.

Health professionals emphasise that herpes is a common medical condition and that open communication, testing and safe sexual practices play an important role in reducing transmission risks. Using protection during sexual activity, avoiding sexual contact during active outbreaks and discussing sexual health openly with partners can help manage the infection. The WHO has stressed that greater awareness and education are essential to addressing the global burden of herpes. Since many infections remain undiagnosed due to mild or absent symptoms, improving public understanding can help reduce stigma, encourage timely medical care and promote healthier conversations around sexual health.

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