Type 2 Diabetes Raises Risk of Severe Dengue, Study Finds

People living with Type 2 diabetes may face a significantly higher risk of developing severe and potentially life-threatening complications from dengue, according to a review paper scheduled for publication in the International Journal of Diabetes & Technology. The review recommends that dengue vaccination be considered as part of routine diabetes care in dengue-endemic regions, highlighting the increased vulnerability of individuals with poorly controlled blood sugar levels.

The review explains that persistently elevated blood glucose can weaken the immune system and damage blood vessels, making it more difficult for the body to fight dengue infection effectively. Researchers say these changes increase the likelihood of severe illness if a person with Type 2 diabetes contracts the mosquito-borne viral disease, particularly during outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions.

According to the authors, people with diabetes are at a greater risk of developing an excessive immune response known as a cytokine storm, in which the body's defence system overreacts to the infection. This can lead to serious complications such as dengue haemorrhagic fever, internal bleeding and dengue shock syndrome, a life-threatening condition characterised by a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure that requires immediate medical attention.

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Medical experts emphasise that people with diabetes should be especially vigilant if they develop symptoms of dengue, including high fever, severe headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or unusual bleeding. Maintaining good blood sugar control during illness, staying well hydrated and seeking prompt medical care at the first signs of worsening symptoms can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.

The review also recommends stronger preventive strategies for individuals with diabetes living in dengue-prone areas. These include eliminating mosquito breeding sites, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing and, where available and medically appropriate, considering dengue vaccination as part of a broader disease prevention strategy after consultation with healthcare professionals.

With dengue cases continuing to rise in several parts of the world, the findings underscore the importance of recognising diabetes as a major risk factor for severe infection. Researchers and healthcare professionals say greater awareness, early diagnosis, timely treatment and preventive measures can help reduce hospitalisations and improve survival among people with Type 2 diabetes who contract dengue.

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