Doctors Warn: Cyclospora Causes Persistent Illness, Misdiagnosed As Food Poisoning
Cyclospora infection mimics food poisoning but lasts weeks without treatment.
Actor-singer Saba Azad’s recent hospitalization due to Cyclospora cayetanensis has brought attention to a lesser-known parasitic infection often mistaken for routine food poisoning. Unlike typical gastrointestinal infections, this parasite causes a slow-onset illness that can persist for weeks if untreated.
Cyclospora cayetanensis is a microscopic parasite that infects the small intestine, typically entering the body through contaminated food or water. Raw fruits, leafy vegetables, herbs, and salads that are improperly washed are the most common sources. Infected individuals may experience persistent watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, fatigue, and dehydration. Symptoms generally appear about a week after exposure, a delayed onset that differentiates it from bacterial or viral food-borne illnesses.
Dr Jatin Yegurla, senior consultant gastroenterologist at Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, explains, “Unlike standard food poisoning, Cyclospora infection develops gradually and can last for weeks. Because it is parasitic, it requires targeted diagnosis and treatment.” Dr GR Srinivas Rao of Yashoda Hospitals adds that the infection is treatable with a seven- to ten-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), with most patients recovering within one to two weeks. Without treatment, the illness can persist for a month or longer.
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Diagnosis is often challenging because routine tests may not detect the parasite. Specialized stool tests or molecular methods such as PCR are necessary for confirmation. The infection shows seasonal trends, with cases rising during warmer and rainy months when irrigation water can contaminate fresh produce. Foods such as leafy greens, coriander, basil, and berries are commonly implicated.
While Cyclospora does not easily spread from person to person, prevention relies on careful handling of produce. Experts caution that even pre-washed items can carry the parasite. Vulnerable populations—including children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals—face higher risks of severe illness, dehydration, and nutritional deficiencies.
Dr Srinivas emphasizes the role of food safety systems, noting that although regulations provide a strong foundation, global supply chains present challenges. “Cyclospora is resistant to common disinfection methods like chlorination,” he said. Both doctors stress that awareness, prompt medical attention, and good hygiene remain critical in managing and preventing this infection.
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