IIT Kanpur Study Finds Stress Can Alter Brain Activity And Cognition

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur are studying how brain activity, particularly alpha waves, is linked to stress and its effects on human cognition. The ongoing research focuses on understanding how stress influences attention, working memory, and decision-making processes such as risk–reward evaluation. Scientists say the goal is to better understand why individuals respond differently to stress and how it alters mental performance in daily life.

The study is led by associate professor Tushar Sandhan from the Department of Electrical Engineering. The team is examining alpha brain waves, which are typically observed when a person is awake but in a relaxed mental state. Researchers are using non-invasive tools such as electroencephalogram (EEG) systems to measure brain activity and correlate it with psychological indicators like anxiety, helplessness, and perceived loss of control, as defined in clinical frameworks such as the DSM-5.

According to the researchers, alpha waves are most prominent in a calm or meditative state, often when a person’s eyes are closed. The study is also exploring “frontal alpha asymmetry,” a pattern where one side of the brain shows different levels of alpha wave activity compared to the other. This asymmetry has previously been associated with conditions such as depression, where reduced activity in certain regions of the frontal lobe may reflect changes in motivation and emotional processing.

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The team is also using advanced tools, including custom-built EEG bioamplifiers, flexible silicon electrodes, and 3D-printed headbands to improve data accuracy. In addition, cardiac activity is being monitored through smartwatches to provide a broader understanding of physiological stress responses. Earlier work by the team included developing an algorithm called “DAAFNet,” designed to analyse EEG signals for emotion detection, which is part of the broader field of affective computing that combines neuroscience and artificial intelligence.

Experts note that while alpha waves are well-established brain signals, their exact role as a reliable biomarker for stress remains debated. Vaibhav Tripathi, who studies brain activity in conditions such as ADHD and depression, said brain wave patterns vary widely depending on individual traits and momentary mental states. He added that stress is not a fixed condition and can change throughout the day, making it difficult to measure objectively using a single brain signal.

Researchers involved in the study say that further long-term research is needed to better understand how brain wave patterns correspond to emotional and cognitive states. They emphasise that while early findings are promising, distinguishing between temporary mental states and long-term traits remains a key challenge. The work is expected to contribute to future developments in brain–computer interfaces, mental health diagnostics, and technologies that can interpret human emotions more accurately.

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